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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Yamartino method ： ウィキペディア英語版 Yamartino method The Yamartino method (introduced by Robert J. Yamartino in 1984) is an algorithm for calculating an approximation to the standard deviation σθ of wind direction θ during a single pass through the incoming data.〔 〕 The standard deviation of wind direction is a measure of lateral turbulence, and is used in a method for estimating the Pasquill stability category. The simple method for calculating standard deviation requires two passes through the list of values. The first pass determines the average of those values; the second pass determines the sum of the squares of the differences between the values and the average. This double-pass method requires access to all values. A single-pass method can be used for normal data but is unsuitable for angular data such as wind direction where the 0°/360° (or +180°/-180°) discontinuity forces special consideration. For example, the directions 1°, 0°, and 359° (or -1°) should not average to the direction 120°! The Yamartino method solves both problems. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has chosen it as the preferred way to compute the standard deviation of wind direction.〔(Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications (section 6.2.1) )〕 A further discussion of the Yamartino method, along with other methods of estimating the standard deviation of wind direction can be found in Farrugia & Micallef. It should be mentioned that it is also possible to calculate the exact standard deviation in one pass. However, that method needs slightly more calculation effort. ==Algorithm== Over the time interval to be averaged across, ''n'' measurements of wind direction (θ) will be made and two totals are accumulated without storage of the ''n'' individual values. At the end of the interval the calculations are as follows: with the average values of sinθ and cosθ defined as :$s\_a\; =\; \backslash frac\; \backslash sum\_^n\; \backslash sin\; \backslash theta\_i,$ :$c\_a\; =\; \backslash frac\backslash sum\_^n\; \backslash cos\; \backslash theta\_i.$ Then the average wind direction is given via the four-quadrant arctan(x,y) function as :$\backslash theta\_a=\backslash arctan\backslash \; (c\_a,s\_a).$ From twenty different functions for σθ using variables obtained in a single-pass of the wind direction data, Yamartino found the best function to be : The theoretical maximum error against the correct double-pass σθ is therefore about 15% with an oscillating wind. Comparisons against Monte Carlo generated cases indicate that Yamartino's algorithm is within 2% for more realistic distributions. A variant might be to weight each wind direction observation by the wind speed at that time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yamartino method」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.